Monument protection as a limiting factor for large scale vertical greening system implementation to counteract indoor heat stress – a GIS-based analysis for Berlin, Germany

Abstract Vertical greening systems (VGS), as proven strategy for adaptation to heat stress, are prohibited monument-protected buildings and façades. To what extent monument protection effectively limits the implementation of VGS in stress affected city centers has not been quantified yet. In this study, ratio under was Berlin, Germany, using a GIS analysis. It then compared map potential stress. This done entire inner-city area on block-scale. Therefore, maps Berlin buildings, monuments blocks were processed. The calculated each block Berlin. deform outcome, urban green areas cut out maps. Inside 80 km 2 center which is severely by range prohibiting individual ranges from 0 % 100 %. However, 25.42 % building façades 16.20 whole protected average therefore cannot be greened. Compared other restricting factors, does generally hinder large scale Nonetheless, 102 potentially exposed inhabited 48,122 people greened due protection. demonstrates that should discussed exception can justified predominant public interest. also points need minimal invasive mobile greenery technologies, would enable heritage-protection conform greening.